The poll of 1,778 adults at the end of September found only 11% were planning to travel internationally in the next six months while half had no intention of taking a domestic break.

Londoners showed the biggest tendency towards international travel, with 19% saying they planned to go abroad but two-thirds saying they had no plans.

Only 9% of those in the rest of the south and in the Midlands and Wales expressed an intention to travel internationally.

Air travel had the most negative perception among the sample, with only 21% saying they would feel safe, compared with 31% for foreign train and ferry travel.

Regionally, the most negative perception of air travel was in the Midlands and Wales, with 72% perceiving it as unsafe.

One potential ray of hope for the industry was testing, with 64% saying they would be willing to travel if they could take a test on their return to the UK. A majority 48% said they would take a test at the destination and self-isolate for a day while waiting for results.

However, 42% were unwilling to do this and 74% were not willing to self-isolate for a week at the destination.